Impact of Brand Image and Advertisement on Consumer Buying Behavior Essay Example for Free

Effect of Brand Image and Advertisement on Consumer Buying Behavior Essay Effect of Brand Image and Advertisement on Consumer Buying Behavior Effect of Brand Image and Advertisement on Consumer Buying Behavior Muhammad Ehsan Malik, Muhammad 1 2 Mudasar Ghafoor, 3Hafiz Kashif Iqbal, 4Qasim Ali, 4Hira Hunbal, 4Muhammad Noman and 4Bilal Ahmad 1Institute of Business Administration (IBA), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Dean Economics and Management Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan 2School of Business, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom 3School of Business and Economics, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan 4Department of Business Administration, University of the Punjab Gujranwala Campus, Pakistan Submitted: Apr 27, 2013; Accepted: Jun 3, 2013; Published: Jun 20, 2013 Abstract: Brand picture and ad assume a significant job to help up any business execution as brand picture is an inferred apparatus which can emphatically change people’s purchasing practices and commercial is carrying on as a main thrust for any business as it’s a powerful source to pass on your message and remain in customer’s mind. The motivation behind this examination is to look at the effect of brand picture and promotion on buyer purchasing conduct in the overall population at Gujranwala city. Poll review was utilized to gather the information by utilizing non likelihood advantageous examining procedure. An example of 200 surveys was utilized in which 175 reactions were gathered inside the time of one month. Discoveries show that brand picture and notice have solid positive impact and noteworthy relationship with Consumer purchasing conduct. Individuals see the brand picture with inspirational mentality. Study portrayed that young people in Gujranwala are increasingly cognizant about their economic wellbeing so they favor marked items and ad influences their Consumer Buying Behavior emphatically. In the remainder of article confinements of exploration, suggestions and proposals for additional examination likewise included. Watchwords: Brand picture Advertisement Consumer Buying Behavior INTRODUCTION can construct long haul gainful relations with clients. Individuals in our general public are so cognizant about their any business can emphatically influence the practices of status and they like to utilize marked items to show individuals with respect to mark picture, fulfillment and dependability. off their superficial point of interest. Brand is considered as inferred At present time in worldwide and developing markets gadget through which any business can accomplish the business war isn't just on cost yet client fascination, fascination of individuals and can appreciate the serious edge. unwaveringness and relationship matters a ton. Organizations are so In our neighborhood situation it likewise considered as a significant resource cognizant about their customer’s fulfillment. for any business as it can change peoples’ purchasing Advertisement assumes a urgent job for any business to conduct. It can assume a crucial job to grow any business. help up its exhibition diagram as it is an amazing procedure Brand picture improvement is a drawn out procedure and it to pull in your clients toward your item. In can demonstrate a solid weapon to battle with your rivals. Pakistan notice likewise turning into a main thrust for Customers depend on marked items and generally want to any business since it can drive individuals to change their purchase items with notable brand name. Showcasing conduct in regards to your item in positive sense. significant techniques and devices can build up the brand of Advertisement is a prevailing and driving weapon in all any item. On the off chance that brand is overseen in powerful manners, a showcasing apparatuses because of its positive effect on consumers’ business can appreciate greatest number of clients and purchasing conduct. It’s a viable method to impart Refine nature of items and social

Marketing and Online Consumer Activity †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Marketing and Online Consumer Activity. Answer: Presentation Showcasing is a strategy for advancing the business or selling the items in the client space. Be that as it may, promoting related social exercises is a significant way to deal with supporting individuals in with extraordinary requirements (Parry and Kawakami 2017). This investigation manages the showcasing procedures of Brotherhood Books that is arranged in the Australia. Fraternity Books is a notable Australian association that business second gave books that are given in the social undertakings. This association plans to advance the high caliber of books. Be that as it may, this association gives books to the clients so as to understand their various issues and cash that is produced from the selling of the book is disseminated by such association to determine different issues inside the network. Thus, this association is related with the social work by taking diverse showcasing techniques. This ongoing paper manages the large scale and miniaturized scale ecological investigation o f Brother Books and their promoting systems will be tended to in this report. The macroeconomic condition manages a speedy investigation of the political, monetary, social, and innovative parts of the earth gave to book offering industry to its activity. Therefore, the PEST examination of Brotherhood Books referenced beneath: There is a GST burden on the acquisition of shopper products from abroad. Books bought from abroad store not exposed to the Australian Goods and Service Tax. In this way, abroad firm charges 10% less for comparative things (Aharony 2012). At that point there is equal importation where he Australian book shops permitted making mass buys from rights holders of Australia and not making less expensive buys from abroad provider. This in a manner hampers expanding the cost of the items accessible locally along these lines influencing the general intensity of the stores in Australia contrasted with the abroad store on the web. Therefore for as far back as five years the monetary atmosphere has not been positive for the print book selling industry in Australia. Such horrible conditions portrayed by shakiness in worldwide markets, more vulnerable financial conditions winning all around, fall in the customer certainty and lesser spending. During this time, the advantage of perusing books was taking over by different methods for amusement and media choices (Gould 2013). Books made accessible through more affordable methods through nearby library or unlawful form through on the web. The Australian dollar likewise stayed solid that empowered client to make buy from stores on the web. The lesser spending on books prompted a value cut for catching piece of the pie in this way bringing about poor monetary execution. Despite the fact that it is an individual interest however book perusing can likewise be an action seen socially among individuals having shared intrigue. Anyway from the point of view of socioeconomics, the number of inhabitants in Australia is blasting and there has been an expansion in countless children of post war America entering the retirement stage (Reed 2013). In addition, because of the entrance to superannuation necessarily the retirees are hence more monetarily free. This infers with additional relaxation time close by there will be an expansion popular for the physical books from this area of the populace. There has been a huge effect of innovation on the print bookselling industry. The prompt effect of the development of innovation has seen the blast of the web based business that encouraged the online offer of the books(Joshi, Singh and Sidhu 2012). The innovation has likewise made accessibility of electronic book and book recording conceivable that in a manner undermined the presence of the print. These items made accessible to the Australians by means of the accessibility of the web. Small scale ecological examination The small scale ecological examination uncovers the interior quality and shortcoming of the association. Hence, the partner examination is likewise sorted under the miniaturized scale natural investigation. Client needs are one of the indispensable components of the miniaturized scale condition. Be that as it may, for the books shop it is critical to comprehend the client need (Bright 2017). Clients need the quality books and enhanced stock. Fellowship Books needs to comprehend the present interest and decision of the clients to upgrade their business income. This association offers books through online that empowers their clients to get to their administration effectively and rapidly. Consequently, they offer excellent books as the nature of the item is the center region of buying conduct of the client. Execution alludes to the business execution of an association that is reliant on the work of the association. In any case, more worker commitment is related with more execution (Sinha and Sheth 2017). With regards to Brotherhood Books, the workers are profoundly prepared to augment their presentation. Along these lines, this association offers superb client care. In any case, this association gives monetary books that give information to the supervisors of various business associations to augment their organization execution. Then again, stories with respect to the genuine associations are incorporated the books of such association, which demands the entrepreneurs purchase their items and this amplifies the business income age of such association. The advanced pattern in the book business centers around the online accessibility of the books business. Be that as it may, business is running with the cutting edge innovation and it isn't distinctive on account of book industry (Rezaei, Wee and Valaei 2017). As indicated by the present market pattern, individuals incline toward digital book, book recording. Countless the tablet is available in the market. Henceforth, therefore, Brotherhood Book industry needs to utilize web based life showcasing and web based advertising to improve the accessibility of their items. Contenders investigation is basic for the each business association to accomplish upper hands in the market (Willis 2016). Notwithstanding, contender examination empowers the association to comprehend the technique of the contenders and their market position. Thus, on account of Brotherhood Books Bloomsbury and Pantera Press are their most grounded rivals in Australia. Such two associations give quality book sensible cost. Subsequently, it is significant for Brotherhood Book to comprehend the business system of their rivals to accomplish upper hand in the market. Business execution Business execution of the book business is identified with the working arrangement of an association and its business income (Hviid, MIzquierdo Sanchez and Jacques 2016). Fellowship Books has the ability to change their advertising technique as indicated by the present market request. Then again, they have brief conveyance of their item to the market. Consequently, this association offers online items to the clients through eBook. This has diminished their activity cost and upgrades their productivity. They have enhanced stock and in excess of 100000 assortments of various sorts of the book particularly the exchange books. In any case, they give second gave books and the benefit that is created from the deals is used in the social work. As per the yearly report of 2015-2016 Brotherhood Book has accomplished high advancement in their deals. This empowers them to accomplish their objectives and excellent support of their clients (www.bsl.org.au 2017). The organization needs to go through a lesser measure of cash for carrying on its tasks since there are a few individual and chipping in substances that do the activity with no pay for cash (Ashwini, Singh, and Power 2013). The volunteer additionally give help to good cause programs through serious cost setting of items that won't just increment income yet additionally broadens the measure of gifts. Fellowship Books has built up a fantastic notoriety and brand picture for its items. The activity centers around the advancement of social mindfulness and tending to different social and natural issues (Shams 2015). The organization makes a brand picture in a manner that on the off chance that the purchasers bring their item, at that point cash amassed spent on decrease of carbon level impressions, gift to good cause projects and production of work openings. The organization has an elevated level of client devotion through conveyance of top notch items and administrations, on-time conveyance and vital client help (Coelho and Henseler, 2012). There are various individuals across countries who gives uncommon as well as simultaneously a few uncommon archives to Brotherhood Books which are not set available to be purchased right away. In this manner, as such the organization can make a specific client base keen on items that are uncommon. The circulation of the books is just confined to Australian areas and not internationally. Additionally, their physical store has its area in Melbourne just (Lu and Seo 2015.). Subsequently, there is a limitation or confinement on the dispersion of the items by the organization. The organization gets a ton of gift as books from an enormous number of individuals that are recently utilized. Hence, the accessibility of utilized or recycled items will be unable to stimulate enthusiasm for clients. The organization has a colossal chance to draw in countless shoppers since as of late there has been an offer of the physical books and fall in deals of the digital books. Along these lines, the organization should concentrate more on item advancement and more extensive advertising (Mitchelmore and Rowley 2013.) Showcasing and Promotion on Social Media Platforms These days, expanding number of clients are slanted to long range informal communication site so the organization must concentrate on intriguing, appealing, successive and thorough crusades and advancements for attracting more clients through marketing(Bruhn, Schoenmueller and Schfer 2012). The organization ought to likewise ta

Best Way to Find Quality Term Papers Writers

Best Way to Find Quality Term Papers WritersThe writing and the article writing process should be conducted by well-qualified and well-experienced writers. In the present scenario, people are facing shortage of talented writers, and this is leading to many problems. Many corporate companies have reduced their workforce, and thus, this has led to a shortage of qualified writers for some of the articles.The problem lies in the fact that the writers writing the term papers are not doing a good job, and hence, it is the responsibility of the writer to hire experienced writers for such papers. This has further led to a shortage of skilled writers for the term papers, which in turn leads to severe problems at the time of submission of the papers. To overcome such problems, many of the writers have written to find out the best option for the task of hiring quality writers.The first thing to do is to learn the fact that they need to find the right agent, as there are many agents that can hel p them a lot. Before the matter of finding the right agent has been sorted out, the writer should find out what will be the factor of the contract of the term papers. It is always advisable to get a contract as per the requirement of the project. Therefore, the contract should contain the detailed specifications about the project, like the name of the writer, the budget, and other related things.Apart from this, it is also important to get a contract on paper before the term papers writing process is started. There are many writers who can offer their services to the corporate companies, and the writers who have experience in writing term papers can help the writers to write term papers according to the specification of the corporate company. Therefore, this is very much important to get a contract on paper before starting the writing of the term papers.However, for the new writers to avoid creating problems at the time of writing the term papers, they should remember that writing a term paper has no need of firm intervention. However, writing a term paper has a need of experience and it is also wise to hire some writers who have experience in writing a term paper. By hiring some writers, one will be able to keep the topic at the right point of time, and as a result, it will not take long for the writer to finish the term papers. The writers who have experience writing a term paper, can help the writers to carry out the task without any kind of tension.Another aspect that has great importance is to follow the rules. In case of the term papers, the writers need to follow the rules strictly so that the writer is able to come out with an article which is completely original and is relevant to the specific topic. Therefore, it is wise to follow the rules strictly.The third important step in order to find the best writers for term papers is to find out the good writers and then hire them. The writers with experience in writing term papers can easily help the writer s to write the term papers and it is also possible to find them in the market. One can find them in the market by visiting the newspapers, and one can also find them through the internet. The writers who have experience in writing term papers can help the writers to conduct the task in a proper manner.Moreover, the writers have many other options, which include them coming to the writer, writing for the company of the writer, and the writers can also get the tips from the experts regarding the writing the term papers. Therefore, if one is keen about writing the term papers, one should always try to search for the right writers, and find the right agency for the job.

Hitler s Downfall Of The Weimar Government - 1262 Words

In November, Hitler was trying to get more power and support, and a way he did this was by trying to take advantage of how bad the condition of the Weimar government was. He did this by instigating a major riot throughout Weimar. It seemed like a full proof plan and situation, but miscalculations made it a flop and Hitler ending up in jail. At first, the Nazis were not taken seriously and had little to no power. Then, Hitler brought a group of young mean without jobs to become soldiers for him, and he would call them storm troopers, or the SA. During the Weimar crisis, Hitler made a plan with nationalist political images, Kahr and Lossow, to over take Munich in a riot. Hitler had a giant army of SAs, but knew that the loss of control would come if he didn’t give them anything to do, so that’s when he prepared them to rebel, but suddenly, Kahr and Lossow cancelled the rebellion. It was difficult for Hitler because he had 3,000 troops ready to go to battle. On November 8th, Hitler and 600 SAs crashed a meeting that Kahr and Lossow were hosting at a Beer Hall. Threatening them, Hitler made them agree to rebel. The SA then took over army headquarters and offices of newspapers. The next day, November 9th, The Nazis, including Hitler, went to Munich thinking that would be a victory march to take over, but Kahr called in the police and army, and there was a brief brawl, which involved the police killing 16 Nazis. During that situation, Hitler ran away, but was found and sentShow MoreRelated The Flaws of the Weimar Constitution Essay1195 Words   |  5 PagesThe Flaws of the Weimar Constitution The majority of people believe that it was the Weimar constitution which was fundamentally flawed and that this damaged the long term prospects of the Weimar republic, although strong points can be identified in the constitution which support the argument that the constitution wasnt to blame for the republics downfall. 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Counterculture - Research Paper - 3180 Words

Counterculture of the Sixties in the USA Causes and Effects by Johanna K. Weisz Preface If the Sixties was the decade of rebellion in America, the preceding two post-WWII decades were characterized by social conformity and trust in the system. â€Å"In that era of general good will and expanding affluence, few Americans doubted the essential goodness of their society† (Haberstam 10). However, this trust in the system changed radically in the Sixties. Many of the numerous youth born during the post-WWII baby boom became teenagers who questioned the cultural values of their parents and refused to assimilate into the established social and moral system. They created their own counterculture that was in opposition to the established culture of†¦show more content†¦5 One example of their use of non-traditional means was the nomination of a pig for president at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago in 1968 in order to protest against the Vietnam War. Their slogan declared â€Å"They nominate a president and he eats the people. We nominate a president and the people eat him†. (Patterson n.p.). The protests during the Democratic National Convention led to a violent confrontation of demonstrators and the Chicago police. Hoffman and Rubin were among eight activists who were arrested and accused of conspiracy. (Gitlin 342). Civil Rights Movement, hope and assassinations Young activists had more to fight for than foreign wars. In the early Sixties, there was still racial segregation by law in the Southern states of the U.S. President John F. Kennedy promised to end segregation, but was shot in 1963. Even though the Civil Right Act of 1964 eventually was signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson, the fight for equal rights continued. Segregation was not abolished immediately due to the new law, especially not in the South. (Anderson 211). While there were militant activists on each side, the main leader of the Civil Rights Movement, Martin Luther King, Jr., encouraged peaceful disobedience instead of violence, which was right in the heart of the hippie philosophy: There are two types of laws, just and unjust. I would be theShow MoreRelatedCounterculture - Research Paper3195 Words   |  13 PagesCounterculture of the Sixties in the USA Causes and Effects by Johanna K. Weisz Preface If the Sixties was the decade of rebellion in America, the preceding two post-WWII decades were characterized by social conformity and trust in the system. â€Å"In that era of general good will and expanding affluence, few Americans doubted the essential goodness of their society† (Haberstam 10). However, this trust in the system changed radically in the Sixties. 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One group within this movement was coined the â€Å"hippies†. This paper will discuss the beliefs of the hippies of Haight-Ashbury in San Francisco, California and illustrate how the hippie â€Å"counterculture† transformed into an evolution of music, in the making of protest songs and the new â€Å"psychedelic† sound. It will elaborate on the musicians who found fame in responding to the call

Analysis of Robert Frosts Mowing - 763 Words

Fred White Analysis of Robert Frost’s â€Å"Mowing† As the speaker labors in his farm field on a quiet, hot day, he can’t help but notice that his scythe seems to be whispering as it works. He can’t exactly hear what the scythe is saying, and he admits that there is a chance that the whispering sound is simply in his own mind because of the quietness of the day or perhaps due to the heat of the sun playing tricks on him. The speaker realizes that the scythe is teaching him a lesson about the value of work and happiness in the world. Instead of dreaming about inactivity or reward for its labor as a person would, the scythe takes its sole pleasure from its hard work. It receives satisfaction from its dedicated and hard work in the field. As the†¦show more content†¦Works Cited DiYanni, Robert. â€Å"Robert Frost in Context.† Literature: Approaches to Fiction, Poetry and Drama. DiYanni, R. 2nd ed. New York: The McGraw–Hill Companies, Inc. 2008. 666 - 672. Frost, Robert. â€Å"Mowing.† Literature: Approaches to Fiction, Poetry and Drama. DiYanni, R. 2nd ed. New York: The McGraw–Hill Companies, Inc. 2008.Show MoreRelatedEssay about The Life of Robert Frost1404 Words   |  6 PagesROBERT FROST â€Å"Two roads diverged in a wood and I- I took the road less traveled† How did Robert Frost take the road less traveled in his life? Frost was a poet who lived a hard life. With 6 kids and a wife, he had a lot of people to provide for. He was a man who wore many hats, being a dad, husband, poet, and farmer. Robert was an incredibly gifted man who wrote many famous poems. Robert Frost, a great American poet lived a humble life and changed the world with his profound writing abilityRead MoreRobert Frost : A New England Poet3698 Words   |  15 PagesRobert Lee Frost Known for being a New England poet Robert Frost was born in San Francisco, California on March 26th, 1874. Born to a New England father William Prescott Frost Jr. and a Scottish mother Isabelle Moodie who moved to the west coast from Pennsylvania after marriage (Bailey). Both his parents were teachers and poets themselves, but his father later became a journalist with the San Francisco Evening Bulletin (Bailey). Frost spent 12 years of his life growing up in San Francisco, until

Deep Root Analytics and Data Breach †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Deep Root Analytics and Data Breach. Answer: Introduction: Elections are always a tightly contested event, an attribute that facilitates a lot of scrutiny and tension. In todays world, this process has been marked by many technological advances which aim to improve the process through time and resource efficiency. Now, while these advances may facilitate better results, they also are associated with many problems because of the amount of data that is used. These problems have been well illustrated in 2017, where multiple hacks and data exposure incidences have occurred over electoral processes. This year alone countries such as Georgia, Philippines and Mexico have had extensive data leaks in their voter registration records, an outcome that has facilitated a great deal of speculation(Cappella, 2017). However, of all the incidences recorded, none has topped the recent leak in the American voter registration where over 198 million records were fairly exposed to the public at large. This incidence occurred in June and was subject to millions of records that dated back to a decade ago, accounting for a significant amount of the records held by the countrys electoral commission. Nevertheless, prior to the breach, the data was held by an independent data analytic company known as Deep Root. This company had been contracted by the Republican Party in order to conduct a research on the opinions held by the American voters. Therefore, at the time of the leak, thousands of records detailing names, addresses and personal opinions on political issues were held by the companys systems. Furthermore, the contracted company did not discover the problem by itself but was facilitated by an independent research group (Upguard) who through their researcher Chris Vickery found the data online(Halper Dave, 2017). How and why the leak occurred The Republican National Committee (RNC) had contracted the company at hand in order to conduct a general survey on the prevailing conditions of the country. Through this survey, Deep Root had collected and analysed data as given by the American voters. Now, at the time of the leak, the general public speculated that sophisticated tools and techniques were used to breach the companys systems in order to reveal the records. However, research conducted revealed a contrary observation as the leak was traced back to a negligent user within the contracted company (Deep Root). This employee had failed to implement critical security procedure needed to safeguard the information(Naylor, 2017). Data leak, how? To start with, the company either intentionally or unintentionally disabled its security protocols across its online platform. This failure inevitably facilitated any user to access clear text files that had the records of the voters. Moreover, the company had leased cloud facilities from the Amazon Web Service (AWS) which gave access to the stored data. Therefore, the data leak was as a result of negligent user behaviour which exposed a cloud infrastructure containing the data. Furthermore, following the leak, data experts verified the content exposed which highlighted the authenticity of the exposed information. This outcome outlined the level of access given to the third party member, who held sensitive records with minimal security procedures(Naylor, 2017). Why it occurred: To understand the root cause of the problem, one must examine the infrastructure used by Deep Root, RNC contracted Analytics Company. The company chose to host the data in an online system, specifically the Amazon S3 servers which like any other cloud service was associated with many risks as compared to in-house storage facilities. For one, it was supported by the internet which is well known for its extensive threats as propagated by malware and intruders attacks. Therefore, the company even without the data exposure placed the sensitive data at risk by applying a cloud infrastructure. Furthermore, the same structure required extensive security procedures to protect the data stored, which again was compromised based on the companys negligence(Digg, 2017). According to cyber security experts, cloud solutions are prone to many risks as they are facilitated by the internet. Moreover, the cloud infrastructure like any other IT system is subject to misconfigurations and deployment errors which unlike other in-house systems expose the services to the public. Therefore, as the first solution, the sub-contracted company should have used in-house facilities if they lacked the necessary skills to set-up a competent and secure cloud infrastructure. Secondly, the same company should have had better security procedures more so, when they dealt with the transmission and deployment of data(Assange, 2017). In addition to this, the leaked data was exposed in clear text format which highlighted the lack of encryption protocols. To avoid this problem, technical solutions including cryptographic techniques such as authentication and encryption should have been used to secure the data. In the future, the contracted company (Deep Root) should isolate the data from its other operations through these encryption methods. In essence, the voters records should be transformed into unreadable formats during their transmission. Moreover, the same data should be ferried via secure channels that are only accessible to the authorised members. Therefore, the site used by the company should have separate platforms for accessing the data, either through live portals that require access pins or through customised user applications (APIs). Finally, the company including the RNC should set a better security policy following a thorough risk assessment procedure. This procedure would identify the potential ris ks faced by the systems and facilitate the development of a procedural guideline of deploying data online(RBS, 2016). Throughout the years, many cyber-attacks have occurred across the world affecting multiple systems either individually or simultaneously. However, none has ever surpassed the intrusion level that was acquired by the now famous WannaCry attack. In general, the WannaCry attack was a malware intrusion that was classified as a ransomware as it forced its victims to pay money in order to access their files or data. In essence, the malware would block and deny users access to their computers until a certain fee was paid(News, 2017). Moreover, the attack was so intrusive that researchers changed its name to WannaCry from its initial name of WannaCrypt0r, a true testament to its actions that caused unprecedented pain. According to researchers, the WannaCry problem began in February when the National Security Agencys (NSA) systems were accessed which led to an exposure of its hacking tools. Now, this access or hack was conducted by a vicious cyber-criminal group known as Shadow Brokers who in past had succeeded to infiltrate some high-level cyber systems. Shadow Brokers through their access revealed a vulnerability in Windows systems which was heavily exploited to conduct the WannaCry attack. In all, the problems caused by the intrusion were experienced far and wide as countries such as United Kingdom, Russia, and Spain were forced to shut down their systems in order to contain it. Moreover, the attack infiltrated any system connected to the networks targeted by the intruders through the malware(Wattles Disis, 2017). Affected parties and how? At its best, WannaCry was the true definition of a cyber-weapon as it infiltrated thousands of online systems in a short period of time. In fact, at the start of the attack, more than 40, 000 computer systems were affected throughout the world. At the same time, more than 100 countries were affected as both their private and public sector systems were infiltrated. However, some countries faced the full force of the attack as evidenced by the damages exhibited by the aftermath of the attack. The United Kingdom (England) was one of these countries as it faced the biggest intrusion in the public sector after its healthcare industry was compromised through its national healthcare system (NHS)(McGoogan, Titcomb, Krol, 2017). In essence, the country used a single and common system to coordinate medical operations, a structure that was facilitated by the online infrastructure. Now, following the attack, medical practitioners and patients were subjected to a $300 ransom in order to access t heir files an outcome that halted the entire industry. The same outcome was experienced in Spain where the private sectors led by the telecommunication and electrical industry was compromised. Similarly, Russia had to deal with a possible economic meltdown after the banking industry was severely affected by the attack on its leading financial institutions. Furthermore, the same country was left helpless when it failed to secure its public sector after the attack took down two of its major ministries, health and interior governance. In addition to this, Russias state owned railway company was affected which for short while slowed down the transportation industry(McGoogan, Titcomb, Krol, 2017). All the independent observers and researchers involved highlighted the contribution of the NSA in the attacks. The NSA through their hacking tools had developed a vulnerability known as EternalBlue, this vulnerability exploited a major bug in Windows operating systems a component that was used in the attack. Now, the Windows system used a special communication protocol known as the Server Messaging Block (SMB) to conduct its networking operations. These operations were conducted within the application layer of the TCP/IP structure where they facilitated the sharing, reading and writing of computer files. Therefore, through the SMB, the users were able to share services and resources(Graham, 2017). WannaCry used this vulnerability within the SMB protocol to access its functionalities and spread the malware in networks. At first, the malware would detect network connections particularly those lacking secured ports to trigger the attack. After accessing unsecured ports, the intrusion would then proceed to plant the starter for the malicious program, an action that was termed as the transfer of the payload. This step was then followed by the activation of the program, an action that attacked the host machine and facilitated the spread of the malware as it proceeded to replicate in any other visible and unprotected networks/ports(McGoogan, Titcomb, Krol, 2017). Preventing the WannaCry attack Several prevention tactics would have been used to stop the WannaCry attack, including the most basic and obvious precaution of being offline. However, based on the demands and needs of the internet, the best solutions would have been related to an online connection. First, network isolation would have helped to contain the attack, a countermeasure that was readily available with firewalls and intrusion detection systems. Now, these firewalls through their servers would have implemented isolation DMZs (demilitarised zone). It is through these servers that the intrusion would have been detected and thus contained within them. Moreover, the same outcome could have been achieved if the victims networks were isolated based on their use(Newman, 2017). In addition to this, the networks and their access ports should have been secured to block all unauthorised users. This functionality would have been easily accomplished using access control and effective network authentication measures. However, of all the solutions and countermeasures highlighted, none would have surpassed the fix for the EternalBlue vulnerability. In essence, the attack was generally caused by the bug in the Windows systems, a problem that was later fixed using an update patch. Therefore, installing the patch to the Windows bug would have prevented the entire attack(RBS, 2016). References Assange, J. (2017). Deep Root Analytics behind data breach on 198 million US voters: security firm. DW, Retrieved 30 August, 2017, from: https://www.dw.com/en/deep-root-analytics-behind-data-breach-on-198-million-us-voters-security-firm/a-39318788. Cappella, N. (2017). 198 million voter records leaked by analysis firm. The Stack, Retrieved 30 August, 2017, from: https://thestack.com/security/2017/06/20/198-million-voter-records-leaked-by-analysis-firm/. Digg. (2017). If You're A Registered Voter, Your Personal Data Was Likely Exposed By A Data Firm . Digg, Retrieved 30 August, 2017, from: https://digg.com/2017/registered-voter-data-breach. Graham, C. (2017). NHS cyber attack: Everything you need to know about 'biggest ransomware' offensive in history. The Telegraph, Retrieved 30 August, 2017, from: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/13/nhs-cyber-attack-everything-need-know-biggest-ransomware-offensive/. Halper, E., Dave, P. (2017). A Republican voter data firm probably exposed your personal information for days and you don't have much recourse. Los Angeles Times, Retrieved 30 August, 2017, from: https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-gop-data-breach-20170619-story.html. McGoogan, C., Titcomb, J., Krol, C. (2017). What is WannaCry and how does ransomware work? The Telegraph, Retrieved 30 August, 2017, from: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/0/ransomware-does-work/. Naylor, B. (2017). Firm Contracted By Republican Groups Left Millions Of Voter Files Unsecured Online. npr, Retrieved 30 August, 2017, from: https://www.npr.org/2017/06/19/533551243/firm-contracted-by-rnc-left-millions-of-voter-files-unsecured-online. Newman, L. (2017). The Ransomware Meltdown Experts Warned About Is Here. The wire, Retrieved 30 August, 2017, from: https://www.wired.com/2017/05/ransomware-meltdown-experts-warned/. News, B. (2017). WannaCry ransomware cyber-attacks slow but fears remain. Technology, Retrieved 30 August, 2017, from: https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-39920141. RBS. (2016). Data Breach QuickView Report. 2016 data breach trends year in review, Retrieved 30 August, 2017, from: https://pages.riskbasedsecurity.com/hubfs/Reports/2016%20Year%20End%20Data%20Breach%20QuickView%20Report.pdf. Wattles, J., Disis, J. (2017). Ransomware attack: Who's been hit. CNN Tech, Retrieved 30 August, 2017, from: https://money.cnn.com/2017/05/15/technology/ransomware-whos-been-hit/index.html.